Three–Phase Time–Domain Simulation of Very Large Distribution Networks

This paper presents a detailed three-phase analysis of very large real-life distribution networks using the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). All main network elements, including relay protection devices, are accurately modeled considering their control sequences. Model validation is achieved with steady-state and transient simulations. The time-domain results are compared with field-validated load-flow simulations for several loading conditions including first and second contingencies. Simulations of fault conditions are also matched against known results at different locations around the network. Moreover, time-domain simulations of recorded transient events show very good agreement. Different transient scenarios are investigated. The new program can be used for the assessment of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical faults, for studies of different switching scenarios, penetration of distributed generation, and smart grid technologies.