Spectrum Harvesting and Sharing in Multi-Hop CRNs Under Uncertain Spectrum Supply

The essential impediment to apply cognitive radio (CR) technology for efficient spectrum utilization lies in the uncertainty of licensed spectrum supply. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for spectrum harvesting and sharing, and investigate the joint routing and frequency scheduling problem in multi-hop cognitive radio networks (CRNs) under uncertain spectrum supply. We introduce a new service provider, Secondary Service Provider (SSP), to facilitate the accessing for secondary users (SUs). We model the vacancy of available bands with a series of random variables, and mathematically describe the corresponding frequency scheduling and flow routing constraints. From the SSP´s point of view, we characterize the CRN performance with a pair of parameters (α, β), and present an optimization problem to minimize the required network-wide spectrum resource at the (α,β) level. Given that (α, β) level is specified, we obtain a lower bound for the optimization problem and develop a threshold based coarse-grained fixing algorithm for a feasible solution. Simulation results show that (i) for any (α,β) level, the proposed algorithm provides a near-optimal solution to the formulated NP-hard problem, and (ii) the (α,β) based solution is better than the expected bandwidth based one in terms of blocking ratio and spectrum utilization in multi-hop CRNs.