Lower-cost urban electricity-distribution systems by automatic control. Application to 11 kV and 33 kV systems

The paper outlines a philosophy for applying automatic control to 11 kV and 33 kV distribution systems in urban areas to effect an improvement in transformer-utilisation factor of primary substations from a maximum of 50% to 75% and Grid substations from a maximum of 50% to 69%. A comparison of costs derived by the use of hypothetical network patterns and an assumed load density of 30 MW/km2 indicates possible cost reductions of 15% by the application of automatic control to the 11 kV system, and 20¿23% by the application of automatic control to the 33 kV system.