Clock diagrams and pole-amplitude modulation

Multispeed p.a.m. windings are now well established in electrical engineering practice, particularly for close pole ratios, such as 4/6 poles, 6/8 poles etc. Manufacture of these windings is simple, though the theory is very difficult. One of the key techniques for generalising this theory is a `clock diagram¿ of a novel type. The paper therefore gives a short analysis and explanation of the clock diagram for p.a.m. windings, as a guide to a more general understanding of the principles involved.