Title :
Quantum frequency standards
Author :
Basov, N.G. ; Gubin, M.A.
Author_Institution :
P.N. Lebedev Phys. Inst., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, Russia
Abstract :
A brief review of quantum frequency standards development since the early stage of quantum radiophysics is presented. The level of performance achieved and various applications in science and technology prove that the quantum frequency standards are a classical example of the remarkable impact of quantum radiophysics into 20th century civilization.
Keywords :
atomic clocks; frequency standards; microwave measurement; optical variables measurement; quantum optics; reviews; 20th century civilization; brief review; classical example; performance level; quantum frequency standards; quantum radiophysics; science; technology; Aircraft navigation; Atomic measurements; Clocks; Extraterrestrial measurements; Frequency measurement; Length measurement; Measurement standards; Metrology; Time measurement; Uncertainty;
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/2944.902135
