Title :
Long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers and amplifiers
Author :
Karim, Adil ; Björlin, Staffan ; Piprek, Joachim ; Bowers, John E.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Abstract :
We report on advances in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) operating at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m. These devices have the potential to dramatically reduce manufacturing costs compared to traditional in-plane devices, while allowing for the possibility of producing integrated modules and arrays on wafer. A number of different technologies have been proposed and demonstrated for these devices. We discuss the different materials systems used for distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and active regions. Recent designs and results are summarized. Wafer bonded VCSELs and VCSOAs are examined in detail.
Keywords :
distributed Bragg reflector lasers; integrated optoelectronics; reviews; semiconductor optical amplifiers; surface emitting lasers; 1.3 mum; 1.55 mum; active regions; designs; distributed Bragg reflectors; integrated arrays; integrated modules; long-wavelength vertical-cavity amplifiers; long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers; manufacturing costs; wafer bonded vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers; wafer bonded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; Fiber lasers; Indium phosphide; Optical fiber networks; Optical materials; Pump lasers; Semiconductor lasers; Semiconductor materials; Semiconductor optical amplifiers; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/2944.902174
