Title :
External Characteristics of Computer Operations: Toward Large Conversational Time-Sharing Systems
Author :
Wiehle, Hans Rüdiger
Author_Institution :
University of the Armed Forces Munich , Ottobrunn
Abstract :
In an historical overview of computer operations in scientific-technical environments from the second half of the 1950s to the mid-1960s, this article discusses the ways German universities and similar institutions initially used small computers. It reports on the emergence of high-level programming languages, the appearance and predominance of large batch-processing systems, and the arising efforts to reestablish a conversational mode of operations.
Keywords :
batch processing (computers); educational institutions; scientific information systems; time-sharing systems; German universities; batch processing systems; computer operations; high level programming languages; large conversational time sharing systems; scientific technical environments; Computer languages; Educational institutions; Engineering management; History; Logic programming; Military computing; Operating systems; Software engineering; System testing; Time sharing computer systems; computer industry; history of computing; operating systems; programming languages; software engineering; software management; user-computer interaction;
Journal_Title :
Annals of the History of Computing, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/MAHC.2009.56
