Abstract :
After a brief survey of the principles and characteristics of photocells and electron multipliers, the advantages of various optical arrangements for different applications are considered, with particular reference to a high signal-to-noise ratio. Sharp focus light spot transducers for reflectometers and light scatter transducers for nephelometric determinations are described. Suitable transducers are referred to for particle detection in liquids, goniometric applications such as high speed weighing, line following and edge alignment equipment.
