High impedance fault location formulation: A least square estimator based approach

The location procedure of HIF is a very difficult task and represents a great challenge for distance protection of transmission lines due to the under-reach and overreach effects. A new contribution for high impedance fault location for short transmission lines is proposed in this paper. The basic idea consists in solving an overestimated system using the method of the least square to locate the fault point. To evaluate the proposed approach, high impedance faults are simulated in a 100 km/230 kV transmission line. The test results show that the proposed approach has a high accuracy to locate HIF.