An 8-kb/s conjugate structure CELP (CS-CELP) speech coder

This paper describes a high-quality 8-kb/s speech coder called conjugate structure code-excited linear prediction (CS-CELP) with a 10-ms frame length. To provide a short delay and high quality under both error-free and channel error conditions, it uses three new schemes: line spectrum pair (LSP) quantization using interframe prediction, preselection in the codebook search, and gain vector quantization (VQ) with backward prediction. The LSP parameters are quantized by using multistage VQ with moving-average (MA) prediction. This scheme can operate efficiently with various frequency responses of speech. The preselection of the codebook reduces the computational complexity and improves the robustness to channel errors. The gain VQ with backward prediction can provide a high quality and robustness without transmission of input speech power information. A conjugate structure for both random codebook and gain codebook is introduced to improve the ability to handle random bit errors and to reduce codebook storage memory requirements. Subjective testing indicates that the quality of this coder is equivalent to that of 32-kb/s adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) under error-free conditions. Testing has further demonstrated that the coder is robust against random bit errors