Title :
A low-power low-noise ultrawide-dynamic-range CMOS imager with pixel-parallel A/D conversion
Author :
McIlrath, Lisa G.
Author_Institution :
3D-IC Inc., Somerville, MA, USA
fDate :
5/1/2001 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A CMOS image sensor with pixel-parallel analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion fabricated with different array sizes and photodiode types in a three-metal 0.5-μm process is presented. Nominal power dissipation is 40 nW per pixel at VDD=3.3 V. A/D conversion results from sampling a free-running photocurrent-controlled oscillator to give a first-order Σ-Δ sequence. The sensor displays dynamic range capability of greater than 150000:1 and exhibits fixed pattern noise correctable to within 0.1% of signal
Keywords :
CMOS image sensors; analogue-digital conversion; integrated circuit noise; low-power electronics; sigma-delta modulation; smart pixels; 0.5 micron; 3.3 V; 40 nW; CMOS image sensor; dynamic range; first-order sigma-delta sequence; fixed pattern noise; free-running photocurrent-controlled oscillator; low-power circuit; photodiode array; pixel-parallel analog-to-digital conversion; power dissipation; smart pixels; three-metal process; CMOS image sensors; Displays; Image converters; Image sampling; Oscillators; Photodiodes; Pixel; Power dissipation; Sensor arrays; Signal sampling;
Journal_Title :
Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of
