Title :
Numerical modeling of undercut ridge VCSELs designed for CW operation at 1.3 μm: design optimization
Author :
Tsigopoulos, Andreas ; Paschos, Vassilis ; Caroubalos, Constantinos ; Salet, Paul ; Jacquet, Joel
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Inf., Athens Univ., Greece
fDate :
12/1/1997 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
Optimized undercut ridge long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (LW-VCSEL´s) are investigated and the influence of thermal effects on the light versus current characteristics is analyzed by thermal-electric, optical, and electronic modeling. The model includes nonuniform current injection, carrier diffusion, stimulated emission, distributed heat sources, and active material band structure calculations. Device parameters such as thermal resistance, threshold current, and external quantum efficiency are evaluated, in an attempt to provide an understanding of the current-funneling mechanism and the thermal limitations of such devices. Simulated power versus current characteristics exhibit the typical thermal roll-over in CW operation
Keywords :
band structure; laser cavity resonators; laser theory; laser transitions; optical design techniques; semiconductor device models; surface emitting lasers; 1.3 mum; CW operation; GaInAsP-InP; LW-VCSEL; active material band structure calculations; carrier diffusion; current-funneling mechanism; design optimization; device parameters; distributed heat sources; electronic modeling; external quantum efficiency; light versus current characteristics; long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser; nonuniform current injection; numerical modeling; optical modeling; power versus current characteristics; stimulated emission; thermal limitations; thermal resistance; thermal-electric modeling; threshold current; undercut ridge VCSEL; Design optimization; Laser modes; Numerical models; Optical design; Semiconductor lasers; Stimulated emission; Surface emitting lasers; Surface resistance; Thermal resistance; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;
Journal_Title :
Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
