Title :
A Novel Two-Way Finite-Element Parabolic Equation Groundwave Propagation Tool: Tests With Canonical Structures and Calibration
Author :
Apaydin, Gökhan ; Ozgun, Ozlem ; Kuzuoglu, Mustafa ; Sevgi, Levent
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Zirve Univ., Gaziantep, Turkey
Abstract :
A novel two-way finite-element parabolic equation (PE) (2W-FEMPE) propagation model which handles both forward and backward scattering effects of the groundwave propagation above the Earth´s surface over irregular terrain paths through inhomogeneous atmosphere is introduced. A Matlab-based propagation tool for 2W-FEMPE is developed and tested against mathematical exact and asymptotic solutions as well as the recently introduced two-way split-step PE model through a canonical validation, verification, and calibration process for the first time in literature.
Keywords :
atmospheric boundary layer; atmospheric electromagnetic wave propagation; finite element analysis; parabolic equations; Earth surface; Matlab-based propagation tool; backward scattering effect; calibration; canonical structures; forward scattering effect; groundwave propagation; inhomogeneous atmosphere; irregular terrain path; two-way finite-element parabolic equation; Approximation methods; Atmospheric modeling; Calibration; Equations; Mathematical model; Numerical models; Refractive index; Atmospheric refractivity; Claerbout equation; Matlab; ducting; electromagnetic (EM) propagation; fast Fourier transform (FFT); finite-element method (FEM); narrow angle; split-step parabolic equation (PE) (SSPE); terrain effect; wave equation; wide angle;
Journal_Title :
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TGRS.2011.2114889
