Analysis of the rutile-ring method of frequency-temperature compensating a high-Q whispering gallery sapphire resonator

Author

Tobar, Michael E. ; Hartnett, John G. ; Duchiron, Guillaume ; Cros, Dominique ; Ivanov, Eugene N. ; Blondy, Pierre ; Guillon, Pierre

Author_Institution

Dept. of Phys., Western Australia Univ., Nedlands, WA, Australia

Volume

48

Issue

3

fYear

2001

fDate

5/1/2001 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

812

Lastpage

820

Abstract

The rutile-ring method of dielectrically frequency-temperature compensating a high-Q whispering gallery (WG) sapphire resonator is presented. Two and three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis has been implemented to design and analyze the performance of such resonators, with excellent agreement between theory and experiment. A high-Q factor of 30 million at 13 GHz, and compensation temperature of 56 K was obtained. It is shown the frequency-temperature compensation can occur either because the rutile adds a small perturbation to the sapphire resonator or because of a mode interaction with a resonant mode in the rutile. The characteristics of both of these methods are described, and it is shown that for high frequency stability, it is best to compensate perturbatively.

Keywords

compensation; dielectric resonator oscillators; finite element analysis; frequency stability; microwave oscillators; sapphire; 13 GHz; 56 K; Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiO/sub 2/; annulment temperatures; compensation temperature; dielectric loss; frequency-temperature compensation; high frequency stability; high-Q resonator; mode interaction; perturbative compensation; resonant mode; rutile-ring method; small perturbation; three-dimensional FEA; two-dimensional FEA; whispering gallery sapphire resonator; Dielectrics; Fluctuations; Interference; Paramagnetic materials; Performance analysis; Permittivity; Q factor; Resonance; Resonant frequency; Temperature dependence;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0885-3010

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/58.920715

Filename

920715