A simple prediction method for L-band multipath fading in rough sea conditions

Quantitative analysis of the coherent and incoherent power of sea-reflected waves at 1.5 GHz was performed using multipath-fading data obtained by field experiments. The experiments were carried out for shore-to-shore, satellite-to-shore, and satellite-to-ship paths, and antennas with gains from 13 dBi to 21 dBi were used for signal reception. Results indicate that in rough sea conditions where the incoherent component is dominant, the power of the incoherent component can reach the maximum power of the coherent component (generated in calm sea) in most cases, except for a few cases such as when measurements using narrow-beam antennas or elevation angles below 7° are made. On the results obtained, a simple prediction method for multipath fading caused by sea reflection is presented