2-D adaptive state-space filters based on the Fornasini-Marchesini second model

Based on the Fornasini-Marchesini second model, a technique is developed for implementing two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive state-space filters. First, the relationship between the coefficient sensitivities and the intermediate transfer functions is investigated for the Fornasini-Marchesini second model. A least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm is then presented by using new systems that generate the gradient signals. Finally, a 2-D adaptive line enhancer is constructed by using the 2-D adaptive state-space filter to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique