Title :
Approximate image message authentication codes
Author :
Xie, Liehua ; Arce, Gonzalo R. ; Graveman, Richard F.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Delaware Univ., Newark, DE, USA
fDate :
6/1/2001 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
This paper introduces approximate image message authentication codes (IMACs) for soft image authentication. The proposed approximate IMAC survives small to moderate image compression and it is capable of detecting and locating tampering. Techniques such as block averaging and smoothing, parallel approximate message authentication code (AMAC) computation, and image histogram enhancement are used in the construction of the approximate IMAC. The performance of the approximate IMAC in three image modification scenarios, namely, JPEG compression, deliberate image tampering, and additive Gaussian noise, is studied and compared. Simulation results are presented
Keywords :
AWGN; content-based retrieval; data compression; image coding; message authentication; JPEG compression; additive Gaussian noise; approximate image message authentication codes; block averaging; deliberate image tampering; image compression; image histogram enhancement; image modification scenarios; parallel approximate message authentication code; simulation results; smoothing; soft image authentication; tampering; Additive noise; Concurrent computing; Cryptography; Government; Histograms; Image coding; Message authentication; Smoothing methods; Streaming media; Transform coding;
Journal_Title :
Multimedia, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/6046.923823
