Title :
Ultrabroad-band Raman amplifiers pumped and gain-equalized by wavelength-division-multiplexed high-power laser diodes
Author :
Namiki, Shu ; Emori, Yoshihiro
Author_Institution :
Fitel Photonics Lab., Furukawa Electr. Co. Ltd., Chiba, Japan
Abstract :
This paper reviews recent progress in broad-band Raman amplifiers for wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) applications. After the fundamentals of Raman amplifiers are discussed in contrast to erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, a new technique called “WDM pumping” is introduced to obtain ultrabroad and flat gain in Raman amplifiers only using WDM diode pumps. The design issues of this technique are then developed to realize outstanding performances such as 100 nm of flat gain bandwidth, 0.1 dB flatness over 80 nm, and so forth
Keywords :
Raman lasers; equalisers; laser beams; optical Kerr effect; optical design techniques; optical fibre amplifiers; optical fibre communication; optical pumping; optical transmitters; reviews; wavelength division multiplexing; Er-doped fiber amplifiers; Raman amplifiers; WDM diode pumps; WDM pumping; design issues; flat gain; flat gain bandwidth; flatness; fundamentals; gain-equalized amplifiers; performances; pumped amplifiers; ultrabroad gain; ultrabroad-band Raman amplifiers; wavelength-division-multiplexed applications; Diodes; Distributed amplifiers; Erbium-doped fiber amplifier; High power amplifiers; Optical amplifiers; Optical fiber amplifiers; Optical fibers; Pump lasers; Stimulated emission; Wavelength division multiplexing;
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/2944.924003
