Optimal Placement of Fault Indicators Using the Immune Algorithm

This paper examines the application of the immune algorithm for the problem of optimal placement of fault indicators to minimize the total cost of customer service outage and investment cost of fault indicators. The reliability index of each service zone is derived to solve the expected energy not served due to fault contingency, and the customer interruption cost is then determined according to the customer type and power consumption within the service zone. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IA methodology and solve the optimal placement of fault indicators, a practical distribution feeder of Taiwan Power Company is selected for computer simulation to explore the cost benefit of fault indicator placement.