Title :
Design and Fabrication of Novel Ridge Guide Modulators in Lithium Niobate
Author :
García-Granda, Miguel ; Hu, Hui ; Rodríguez-García, J. ; Sohler, W.
Author_Institution :
Appl. Phys./Integrated Opt. Group, Univ. of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
Abstract :
A thorough theoretical analysis of Mach-Zehnder-type ridge guide modulators has been performed in this paper. A novel electrode/waveguide structure was identified, yielding low driving voltages for high bandwidth operation. Based on this design, the fabrication of improved modulators was developed, introducing various novelties: low-loss Ti-indiffused wet-etched ridge guides in LiNbO3, a complete ridge guide interferometer, and a specific electrode structure to be used with ridge interferometers. The operation of the modulator was demonstrated, yielding V pi = 2.14 V and V pi L = 5.35 Vmiddotcm at low frequencies and an on-off extinction ratio of 20 dB.
Keywords :
Mach-Zehnder interferometers; electro-optical modulation; lithium compounds; optical design techniques; optical fabrication; optical waveguides; ridge waveguides; LiNbO3; Mach-Zehnder-type ridge guide modulators; electrode structure; lithium niobate; low-loss Ti-indiffused wet-etched ridge guides; on-off extinction ratio; ridge guide interferometer; waveguide structure; Electrooptic modulators; lithium niobate; ridge waveguides; wet etching;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2009.2034756
