Ghost Persistent Scatterers Related to Multiple Signal Reflections

Persistent scatterer interferometry using stacks of very high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data reveals that single or even patterns of scatterers representing building structures may wrongly be localized below the ground level. In this letter, a case study on a test building model is presented using 3-D SAR simulation methods in order to explain the underlying localization problem. The case study indicates that Ghost-PSs are likely to be related to reflection levels that are higher than three. Moreover, the temporal stability of the amplitude of fivefold bounce signals is confirmed for a SAR data stack.