The First-Order High Frequency Radar Ocean Surface Cross Section for an Antenna on a Floating Platform

The first-order high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) cross section of the ocean surface is derived for the case of the transmitting and receiving antenna being mounted on a floating, but otherwise fixed, ocean platform. It is assumed that the sway component of the platform or barge motion is responsible for observed differences in the cross section compared to that for the fixed antenna case. Based on earlier work, a general expression for the bistatically received first-order electric field, which consists of a two-dimensional spatial convolution, is presented and reduced to integral form. Then, it is assumed that the surface can be described by a Fourier series whose coefficients are zero-mean Gaussian random variables, and from there the analysis proceeds for the backscatter case. The integrals are taken to the time domain, with the source field being that of a barge-mounted omnidirectional vertically polarized pulsed dipole antenna. Subsequently, the first-order monostatic radar cross section is developed and found to consist of Bessel functions. Simulation results for the new cross section are also provided to show the effects of barge motion under different sea states and operating frequencies. It is seen that the results have important implications in the application of HFSWR technology to ocean remote sensing.