Engineering principles applied to the design of domestic water-heating installations of the solid-fuel/electric type

Owing to the large number of items discussed, and for the purpose of convenient reference, the paper has been arranged in the following manner:¿ Introduction. Part 1. Basic data. (1) physical constants, temperatures and other fundamental data. (2) The thermal efficiency of electric immersion heaters and other methods of water-heating. Part 2. Apparatus details. (3) The mechanism of water-heating, immersion heaters, thermostats and electrical details. (4) Storage vessels, and methods of fixing immersion heaters and thermostats. (5) Pipes and pipe fittings. (6) Taps or cocks. Part 3. The leakage of heat energy from hot-water storage vessels and pipes; thermal insulation, and thermo-syphon circulation. (7) The leakage or waste of heat energy from the surface of hotstorage vessels, pipes, towel-rails, and radiators, and in deadleg connections to taps. (8) Thermal insulation to hot-storage vessels and pipes. (9) Thermo-syphon or gravity circulation, intended and fortuitous. Part 4. The general design and arrangement of the installation. (10) Position of the hot-storage vessel, and the lay-out of the interconnecting pipe-work. Conclusions. Appendix. Test report on a water-heating unit designed for installation in a single-floor dwelling.