Transmission-line design: the ultimate load concept applied to the Java 500 kV transmission lines

The traditional `working load×factor of safety´ approach to transmission-line design is questioned on the basis of its illogicality and susceptibility to accidental under or over-design. The ultimate load concept based on statistically deduced data is seen as the way forward, and formed the basis for the design of the Java 500 kV transmission lines. The author discusses the design of these transmission lines including strength co-ordination, wind load, primary and secondary loads, construction and maintenance loads, insulators, fittings and conductors