Title :
End-to-End Simulation and Analytical Model of Remote-Sensing Systems: Application to CRISM
Author :
Parente, Mario ; Clark, J. Trevor ; Brown, Adrian J. ; Bishop, Janice L.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA, USA
Abstract :
The simulation of remote-sensing hyperspectral images is a useful tool for a variety of tasks such as the design of systems, the understanding of the image formation process, and the development and validation of data processing algorithms. The lack of ground truth and the incomplete knowledge of the Martian environment make simulation studies of Mars hyperspectral images a useful tool for automated analysis of Mars data. Hyperspectral near-infrared scenes of mineral mixtures have been simulated to analyze the contributions of surface minerals, atmosphere, and sensor noise on images of Mars. Modeling the remote-sensing process creates a means for the independent analysis of the influence of the environment and instruments on the detection accuracy of the surface composition (e.g., the scene endmembers). The end-to-end model builds surface reflectance scenes based on laboratory sample spectra, creates atmospheric effects using radiative transfer routines, simulates the instrument response function using CRISM data files, and adds instrument noise from thermal and other sources. The purpose of this paper is to understand the hyperspectral remote-sensing process to eventually enable the elevated detection accuracy of minerals on the surface of Mars. The viability of a linear approximation of the complete model is also investigated. The approximation is compared to the complete model in an image classification task.
Keywords :
Mars; image classification; infrared imaging; minerals; planetary atmospheres; planetary remote sensing; planetary surfaces; radiative transfer; rocks; CRISM; Mars hyperspectral images; Martian environment; analytical model; data processing algorithms; end-to-end simulation; hyperspectral near-infrared scenes; image classification; image formation process; instrument response function; mineral mixtures; planetary atmosphere; radiative transfer; remote sensing; scene endmembers; surface mineral composition; surface reflectance scenes; Analytical models; Atmospheric modeling; Hyperspectral imaging; Hyperspectral sensors; Image analysis; Instruments; Layout; Mars; Minerals; Remote sensing; Analytical model; endmember extraction; hyperspectral image sensor; sensor noise; simulation;
Journal_Title :
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TGRS.2010.2050000