Integrated optical E-field sensors with a balanced detection scheme

Compact and nonperturbing integrated optical E-field sensors are used for electric field measurements. The theoretical sensitivity of an integrated optical sensor system is limited by the shot noise. In conventional sensors, however the minimum detectable electric field strength is limited by the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the laser diode. Achieving the theoretical sensitivity a new sensor system is presented. Using a balanced optical receiver both a signal gain and a reduction of the RIN at the optical receiver is obtained. The principle function and the potential of the balanced detection scheme in comparison with existing concepts as well as first measurements are presented, yielding a sensitivity of less than 300 μV/(m√Hz) with standard laser diodes and a receiving dipole length of 40 mm