Various design techniques to reduce cogging torque by controlling energy variation in permanent magnet motors

Using energy method, this paper analytically reveals that the cogging torque can be reduced by controlling N_Lth harmonic components of the square of airgap permeance function and flux density function, where N_L denotes the least common multiple of number of poles and number of slots. As for design tools, it introduces various design techniques to reduce cogging torque with analytical formulation and FEM examples