Author_Institution :
Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA
Abstract :
Lead technology is reviewed, beginning with the first known permanent implant and continuing through today´s state-of-the-art implant. Nondislodging transvenous leads and epimyocardial leads (sutureless, screw-in leads) are described. Conductors, insulation, and electrodes are discussed. The emphasis today appears to be on improving carbon, screw-in, porous, platinized and steroid eluting electrodes, while future developments may include very thin bipolar leads, higher pacing impedance electrodes, and easier to implant and explant devices.<>
Keywords :
electrodes; insulated wires; pacemakers; reviews; C electrodes; conductors; epimyocardial leads; impedance electrodes; insulation; nondislodging transvenous leads; platinized electrodes; porous electrodes; steroid eluting electrodes; sutureless screw-in leads; very thin bipolar leads; Cable insulation; Electrodes; Heart; Implants; Muscles; Myocardium; Pacemakers; Pulse generation; Steel; Wire;
