Conformal array pattern synthesis using the weighted alternating reverse projection method considering mutual coupling and embedded-element pattern effects

This article generalises a pattern synthesis technique to conformal arrays. An iterative method is used for optimisation of element excitations in an array of rectangular patch elements that are conformed to a hemispheric surface. The embedded-element co-polarisation and cross-polarisation patterns are evaluated using a full-wave method. These patterns are used in a newly introduced iterative synthesis algorithm to obtain the minimum sidelobe level (SLL) and cross-polarisation level (XPL). The mutual coupling effects on the synthesis results are investigated in this procedure. The synthesised patterns show adequate XPL and SLL comprised to other methods. The weighted alternating reverse projection (WARP) method is modified and it is shown that the WARP method can synthesise lower XPL and SLL than those of other methods. Compared with other synthesis method, the WARP improves SLL by 2 dB and XPL by about 1.5 dB in 19 element array.