New channel path loss model for near-ground antenna sensor networks

The problem of very-near-ground path loss has been recently addressed via measurements in the literature. This study proposes a novel theoretical insight into the very-near-ground path loss problem. Here, the principles of Fresnel zone are used to develop an innovative theoretical model. It is depicted that part of the Fresnel zone is abstracted by the ground for very-near-ground antennas. This work shows that Fresnel zone abstraction creates an excess path loss when the heights of transmit and receive antennas are less than a `critical value`. The study theoretically derives this critical value in terms of the geometric mean of the transmitter and receiver heights. In addition, the study proposes a model for the path loss when antennas` heights meet this condition. Measurements are used to verify the proposed model.