Land Mobile Satellite Channel Simulator Along Roadside Trees

In this letter, we study the signal fading for the land mobile satellite (LMS) channel caused by roadside trees. A channel simulator is developed, which takes into account the signal fading caused by position-dependent tree-scattered fields and by swaying tree components. The model is validated in terms of the cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) of the received signal and the Ricean K-factor and level crossing rate using measurements at 2 GHz. The agreement found between the measured and simulated statistics is satisfactory.