Stochastic bus traffic modelling and validation using smart card fare collection data

This paper provides guidelines for designing bus transit simulations and justifies the need of a qualitatively and quantitatively correct model that is validated and can serve as a benchmark testing platform for the numerous optimisation strategies that researchers present. It describes and comments on some of the most important contributions regarding bus transportation control and optimisation from a modelling perspective. Furthermore, a case study concerning a bus line in Singapore is conducted where smart card data is used to extract the parameters needed in order to construct the model, while discussing the methods and challenges of this process. Consequently, the simulation is calibrated and validated in order to ensure maximum accuracy of its outputs.