Title :
Rayleigh crosstalk in long cascades of distributed unsaturated Raman amplifiers
Author :
Nissov, M. ; Rottwitt, D. ; Kidorf, H.D. ; Ma, M.X.
Author_Institution :
Tyco Submarine Syst. Ltd., Eatintown, NJ, USA
fDate :
6/10/1999 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
Rayleigh crosstalk caused by the double Rayleigh reflection of a signal is investigated in long systems consisting of distributed Raman amplifiers. A simple equation for the crosstalk-to-signal ratio is presented and it is shown that bidirectional pumping reduces crosstalk. Power penalties arising from the crosstalk are evaluated using a Gaussian crosstalk model
Keywords :
Raman lasers; Rayleigh scattering; optical crosstalk; optical fibre amplifiers; optical fibre communication; optical pumping; Gaussian crosstalk model; Rayleigh crosstalk; bidirectional pumping; crosstalk-to-signal ratio; distributed Raman amplifier; distributed unsaturated Raman amplifiers; double Rayleigh reflection; long cascades; long systems; power penalties;
Journal_Title :
Electronics Letters
DOI :
10.1049/el:19990672
