DC power-bus modeling and design with a mixed-potential integral-equation formulation and circuit extraction

The application of a circuit extraction approach based on a mixed-potential integral equation formulation (CEMPIE) for DC power-bus modeling in high-speed digital designs is detailed. Agreement with measurements demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. Dielectric losses are included into the calculation of the Green´s functions, and thus, incorporated into the rigorous first principles formulation. A SPICE model is then extracted from the discretized integral equation. A quasistatic approximation is used for the Green´s functions to keep the extracted circuit elements frequency independent. Previous work has established a necessary meshing criterion in order to ensure accuracy for a given substrate thickness and dielectric constant to a desired frequency. Several power-bus design issues, such as surface mount decoupling and power-plane segmentation, were investigated using the modeling approach. The results and discussions illustrate the application of the method to DC power-bus design for printed circuit and multi-chip module substrates