Improved Cognitive Radio energy detection algorithm based upon noise uncertainty estimation

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a regulated technique for opportunistic access of idle resources. In CR, Spectrum sensing is one of its important key functionalities. It is used to sense the unused spectrum in an opportunistic manner. Energy detection constitutes a preferred approach for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio due to its simplicity and applicability. The traditional energy detection technique, which is based upon fixed threshold, is sensitive to noise uncertainty which is unavoidable in practical cases. This noise uncertainty gets the fixed threshold energy detector un-optimized in its performance. In this paper, an efficient energy detector is proposed for optimal CR performance. The proposed scheme is a dynamic threshold energy detection algorithm, in which, two threshold levels are utilized based upon the average energy received from the primary user (PU) during a specified period of observation. Thresholds evaluations are based upon estimating the noise uncertainty factor. These thresholds are used to maximize the probability of detection (Pd) and minimize the probability of false alarm (Pfa). Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in comparison to the traditional energy detection method with less increase in complexity.