Accurate and efficient prediction of coverage map in an office environment using frustum ray tracing and in-situ penetration loss measurement

Results of wideband (125 MHz) received power and rms delay spread measurements at 5.24 GHz in a practical office environment are compared with the prediction utilizing the frustum ray tracing technique (FRTT) and detailed penetration loss measurement of major blocking objects on site. Penetration loss was measured for an object at different incident angle at different surface locations. Direct waves through walls were separated from unwanted waves in time and in space by system and directional horn antennas. A periodical variation of penetration loss as a function of surface location was observed for objects with inhomogeneous internal structure. A model was developed to approximate mean penetration loss at each incident angle for such objects. Using this model, an excellent agreement with the measured results was obtained by the FRTT without post tuning of simulation parameters.