Application of a 3D computer simulation tool as a decision making tool for optimizing transformer protection

Oil-filled transformer explosions are caused by low impedance faults that result in arcing in transformer tanks once the oil loses its dielectric properties These arcs generate dynamic pressure waves which interact with the structure walls as they propagate throughout the transformer, raising static pressure and ultimately resulting in tank ruptures and possible fire. A simulation tool has been developed not only to study transformer explosions caused by arcing events, but also to develop and optimize an explosion prevention technique. The explosion prevention technique involves the rapid evacuation of oil within milliseconds of a dynamic pressure peak. The effects of position, size, and protection orientation were studied over a series of tests on a set of transformer geometries. From these tests, recommendations for optimizing the efficiency of the protection device are made.