Assessment of the voltage level and losses with photovoltaic and electric vehicle in low voltage network

Livelab from Alliander, a network operator, is a program which started to measure electrical and power quality data in the Dutch distribution network since 2013. A proper probability distribution can be used to model load distribution on feeders. This paper presents a methodology to generate the residential load profiles by cumulative distribution function based on Livelab measured data. Applying Monte Carlo simulation, a probabilistic three phase Load Flow program is developed to investigate the voltage level and network losses (where harmonic loss is considered) of a typical low voltage network with the consideration of variable loads and random locations. The prospective impact to voltage level and losses due to the grid- connected photovoltaic power generation systems and electrical vehicles are discussed. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out with the different penetration rates of photovoltaic generation and electrical vehicles, maximum capacity of grid-connected equipment can be estimated and the possible network losses are calculated.