Development and validation of a comprehensive synchronous machine model for a real-time environment

A comprehensive model of a salient-pole synchronous machine is developed for a real-time environment. By obtaining the effective specific permeance of the machine from simple experimental measurements and the exact geometry of the rotor pole-arc, a model is developed that includes the exact distribution of windings and operating-point dependent saturation. This model offers a superior simulated response of the machine for fault transients as well as for steady state harmonic behaviour, and is suitable for the closed-loop testing of relays and controls. The inductances of the machine are computed using the modified winding function approach and validated using finite element analysis. Finally, the performance of the model is validated under healthy and faulted conditions by comparison with tests on an actual machine.