A review of challenges to real-time power management of microgrids

Microgrid systems show great promise for integrating large numbers of distributed energy resource (DER) systems into future power networks. This paper provides a brief overview of current microgrid technologies and issues associated with their implementation. The case is made for a real-time power management and control system that attempts to optimize microgrid systems based on multiple objectives, such as power demands, fuel consumption, environmental emissions, costs, dispatchable loads, etc. A multi-agent based control architecture that can ensure robust, stable, and optimal microgrid operation is also addressed. In addition to the discussion of power management and control topics, a qualitative classification tool has been proposed for assisting system planners in assessing the impact of microgrid systems on broader grid operations.