Identify the impacts of distributed resources on congestion management

Summary form only given. Due to dispersed locations and various capacities, emerging distributed resources (DRs) have diverse and highly non-linear impact (contribution factor, CF) on transmission operation constraints, thereafter on congestion management in electricity markets. From the perspective of independent system operators (ISOs) and distribution companies (DISCOs), it is crucial to address such impacts in order to identify the "desirable" and "undesirable" DRs. This paper introduces a straightforward-partitioning space, ITDA, developed by a fuzzy c-means clustering approach based on accurate CFs derived from AC power flow. Case studies with 6-bus and 30-bus test systems demonstrate that the proposed technique is simple and applicable.