Intrinsic block, symbol and bit synchronisation

The majority of the classical methods for synchronisation for digital communications systems require a hardware overhead and additional data added to the information stream to provide effective synchronisation. The paper introduces a novel synchronisation technique which utilises auxiliary information obtained from the soft maximum likelihood trellis decoding (SMLD) of the received signal, to obtain bit, symbol and block synchronisation. This combines the operations of the decoder, demodulator, and synchronisation system