Sharing frequency response between asynchronous electrical systems

Since the electricity industry unbundling, frequency control has became a service. It is mainly provided by synchronous generators connected to the transmission grid. Nevertheless, other synchronous entities (electric systems and offshore wind farms), which are not synchronously linked to the main interconnection, could technically contribute to the frequency control. Their participation is conditioned by appropriate HVDC substations capabilities. This paper analyzes the HVDC substations from the frequency control participation perspective. The aim is to describe and quantify their performance.