Online impedance matrix estimation of interconnected power systems

Grid impedance estimation is important in monitoring and protection of wide-area power systems. In this paper, a recursive least squares estimation algorithm with a forgetting factor is proposed to identify impedance matrix of electrical power grids. This new approach is based on synchronized phasor measurements and makes it possible to track changing parameters due to grid reconfiguration and load changes. The algorithm is tested on a power system using MATPOWER-generated data; the results show that the proposed estimation method is effective and with high accuracy.