Effects of random circuit fabrication errors on the mean and standard deviation of small signal gain and phase of a traveling wave tube

Summary form only given. Random fabrication errors in the slow wave circuits may have detrimental effects on the performance of traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) of all types. Pengvanich et. al. considered the evolution of the three forward waves in a TWT in which the Pierce parameters vary randomly along the tube axis. A peculiar feature of the results is that, in the statistical evaluation of a large number of samples with random errors in the circuit phase velocity, a significant number of these samples show an output gain that is higher than the corresponding error-free tube. It was recently proved that the deviation from the mean (which is a second order effect in random errors), is much less than the standard deviation (which is a first order effect in random errors). A significant number of the samples in a statistical analysis would naturally show an output gain that is higher than the corresponding error-free tube. This paper summarizes our recent study, together with an optimization of the random error profile to maximize the small signal gain of a TWT.