Modeling non-uniform D2D distributions in downlink cellular networks

Homogenous Poisson Point Process (HPPP) have been adopted as an efficient model for the spatial distribution of Device-to-Device (D2D) links in cellular networks. However, real D2D deployments are rarely uniform distributed. Recently, non-uniform random spatial models have been introduced for devices involved in direct communications. To limit the interference created by D2D users, and other base stations, typically power control is adopted counteracting the path loss and shadowing effects in each link. However this does not prevent cellular users from experiencing coverage limitation. In this paper we develop an analytical model to characterize the coverage probability of cellular networks in the presence of D2D links accounting for shadowing, power control and users random locations. We consider the deployment of base stations is based on a homogeneous PPP (HPPP), whereas D2D links on a non-homogeneous PPP (NHPPP). Finally, to validate our model, we compare our theoretical analysis with simulation results.