Electromagnetic wave propagation on human trunk models excited by half-wavelength dipoles

This paper presents a numerical analysis (FDTD) of the electromagnetic wave propagation mechanism at f = 2.45 GHz around the human trunk. Different body models starting from planar models, to cylindrical models up to realistic trunk models are considered. In addition homogeneous and inhomogeneous model structures are compared with each other. For excitation a half-wavelength dipole in close proximity to the models is used in both tangential and normal orientation to the body. As a result of reflection and diffraction of the model the main propagation mechanism can be shown to be a surface wave which can be more effectively excited by a dipole in normal orientation to the body than in tangential orientation. In case of the curved trunk model the surface wave can be used to illuminate the non line of sight region e.g. in the back of the human body. However, the superposition of the two waves creeping from both sides around the body can lead to a standing wave profile in this region.