Redundancy in topology errors detection and identification

Without redundancy of independent measurements, detection and thus identification of gross errors are impossible. Lack of redundancy forces the use of pseudo-measurements, as a consequence the state estimator solution is deteriorated. Therefore, the redundancy level of the measurement system is an evolving concept that can be used to guide the reinforcement of measurement systems to enhance the efficiency of error detection methods. Topology error results in wrong network configuration of the model used. In this paper, the errors treated are a line that is out of service and still connected to the model, or vice-versa. The method proposed in the paper is aimed at determining redundant and good pseudo-measurement emplacements to enhance reliability of detection and identification of topology error. The basic process was developed earlier by the authors. The algorithm requires one line flow and one power injection by loop. Its effectiveness is related to the low number of redundant measurement and the systematic selection of their location as well as that of pseudo-measurements. Test results are presented.