Using load switches to control aggregated electricity demand for load following and regulation

This paper describes a strategy to use aggregated electric loads to balance positive and negative forecast errors in power systems (either in load or renewable generation capacity). The strategy is unique in that it relies only on load switches as the source of local control actuation, yet it is capable of both decreasing and increasing aggregate load, and it requires very little disruption of end-use function. After explaining the basic principles of the method, we develop a stochastic aggregated modeling and control framework based on the load switch control scheme. We then test the approach with a detailed second-order refrigerator model and demonstrate that it is possible to engage relatively large amounts of capacity with minor (less than 2 degrees celsius) temperature deviations.