Circuit models of PWM half-bridge DC-DC converter

Parasitic resistances of all components and offset voltage sources of power switches are included in a systematic manner in averaged circuit models of multi-switch and/or transformer pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters operating in continuous conduction mode. Equations for equivalent averaged resistances and equivalent averaged voltage sources of parasitic components are derived using the principle of energy conservation. A reflection rule which allows simplification of circuit models is given. The method is exemplified by the modeling of a half-bridge converter